What is reptile brumation?

Brumation is a state of low activity that typically occurs during winter when the days are shorter and temperatures drop. Reptiles rely on external heat to digest food, so during the cold seasons their metabolism slows and they rest to conserve energy.

Even in a heated enclosure, a reptile's internal clock may trigger brumation. Species including skinks, bearded dragons, and some snakes may show brumation behaviour, although the length varies.

Signs your reptile is entering brumation

From late summer onward, check for common signs including:

• Reduced activity and appetite
• Increased time spent hiding or burrowing
• Longer periods of sleep

If you notice these behaviours, it's important to check that your reptile is healthy enough for a long period of rest.

Pre-brumation health check

A visit to an exotic-animal specialist vets is strongly recommended. Request a physical exam and a faecal test to rule out parasites, which can cause serious health hazards when your reptile is inactive.

Additional preparation steps include:

• Encouraging bowel emptying: providing a warm bath or a belly massage helps to clear the digestive tract.
• Record weight: healthy reptiles maintain their weight, even during brumation.
• Optimise nutrition: before brumation, feed a nutrient rich diet or gut loaded insects so your reptile has good reserves.

Check out our range of reptile livefood and supplements to provide optimal nutrition before brumation.

Create a suitable environment

Be sure to check the ideal brumation temperature for your species. Gradually adjust the heat and light to match the natural seasonal cues. Keep a small basking area available in case your reptile wakes to warm up, and always provide fresh water, as reptiles often wake briefly to rehydrate.

Browse our selection of basking bulbs to get ready for colder temperatures.

During and after brumation

Reptiles may rouse slightly several times during brumation but don't worry, this is natural. Try not to disturb them too much during this time. Continue to offer water and monitor their weight where possible.
When they begin to become active again, slowly return heating and lighting to normal and resume regular feeding.

Frequently Asked Questions:

How long does reptile brumation last?

Most reptiles brumate for around 4-12 weeks, but the exact duration may vary by species, age, and environmental conditions.

Do all reptiles brumate?

Some species never brumate in captivity, especially if their habitat remains warm and the daylight hours are consistent.

What temperatures are best for brumation?

It's recommended to aim for the species-specific lower end of their normal temperature range, which is often around 10-18°C. Be sure to research your species exact needs in advance, as some tropical species require a slightly higher minimum temperature.

Try using a reliable thermostat to maintain safe temperatures.

Should I keep the heat lamp on?

A low-watt basking spot is ideal so your reptile can warm up if it wakes, but be sure to reduce overall light to mimic the short winter days.

Do reptiles eat during brumation?

Most reptiles stop eating completely, or eat very little. Always provide fresh water in a suitable water dish as they will wake to drink.

Is my reptile healthy enough to brumate?

Schedule a check-up and parasite screening before the temperatures drop, your vet will be able to check if your reptile is healthy enough to brumate.

What if my reptile skips brumation?

A stable and warm environment can prevent the instinct to brumate, and that's perfectly fine. Continue normal care and monitor your reptile's health.

Can I wake my reptile up early?

Be sure to avoid disturbing your reptile except in the event of an emergency. If you notice signs of illness or rapid weight loss, you may need to intervene. Increase temperatures and light gradually and consult a reptile specialist vet.